Soran University Biology Module Specification 1. Module Title: Animal Physiology 2. Module Code 3. Module Level: Bachelor - Third year 4. Module Leader: Dr. Abbas Burhan Qadir 5. Teaching Semester: First 6. Credit Rating for the module 7. Prerequisites and co-requisites 8. Module Summary This course provides students with an understanding the basic physical and chemical principles that underline physiological processes. Several biological systems are considered, including nervous electrical transmission, respiration, cardiovascular, digestiion and metabolism, and other animal body systems. 9. Module Aims The purpose of taking this course is to learn the basic concepts and principles of animal physiology. Most of the lecture examples will be drawn from mammals, especially humans. This is because our understanding of the function of mammalian systems is better than it is for almost any other animal species. However, there are situations in which presentation of non-mammalian systems will enhance our understanding of physiology in general. 10. Learning Outcomes By completing this course, the students can: 1. Describe the regulation and maintenance mechanisms of cells. Beside this, the main transporting mechanisms of the body. 2. Describe initiation and transmission of electrical signals from excitable cells (nerve, muscle and glands). 3. Differentiate between the function of different muscle groups. 4. Elucidates how respiration, digestion, excretion …etc. mechanisms will take place. 11. Syllabus 1. Introduction to Animal Physiology.2. Transport of Substances Through the Cell Membrane.3. Nerve cells and electrical signaling:4. Absolute and relative refractory periods.5. Synaptic transmission.6. Physiologic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle7. The Length-Tension Relationship and Muscle 8. 1st Midterm Exam 9. Cardiac Muscle and the Cardiac Conduction System10. Hemodynamic principles of the cardiovascular system11. Respiration12. Physical Principles of Gas Exchange13. Gastrointestinal Physiology 14. 2nd Midterm Exam 12. Assessment Strategy There are two parts to this course, the lecture and the laboratory. The lecture will provide an opportunity to discuss conceptual information in the text, and current topics in the subject. The laboratory will provide hands-on opportunities in structured labs and in independent investigations. Both will count significantly to student’s final grade. 13. Summary description of assessment items [A table summarising the assessment components of the module] Assessment TypeDescription of Item% WeightingGradingTariffTheory EXM 3 Midterm EXM Final EXM -Exam questions will be multiple choice, blanks, true and false, and identifying figures. Final exam is similar to term exams, with some explaining questions.60 % 20 % 40 % Excellent: ? 90 Very Good:80-89% Good: 70-79 % Medium: 60-69 % Fair: 50-59 % 3 One-hour EXM 3 hoursPractical EXM Midterm EXM Final EXMExam questions will be short answer questions such as; identification of slides, definition of some topics (materials)...etc.30 % 10 % 20 % 1 hour 1 hourGWKQuizzes + Report5 %8 + 3PRSTutorial5 % 14. Learning Session Structure 1 x 2 h lectures, 1 x 2 h practical sessions, and 1x 1h tutorial per week in 12 weeks. 15. Learning and Teaching Methods [ WeekDelivery MethodContentLearning MaterialsLearning Outcomes1Lecture PracticalIntroduction to Animal Physiology. ppt A brief history of Animal Physiology Why study Animal physiology? Central themes in Animal Physiology 2 Lecture PracticalTransport of Substances Through the Cell Membrane: ppt Simple and facilitated diffusion. Active transport of Substances Through Membranes, Primary and secondary active transport—Co-transport and counter-transport3Lecture PracticalNerve cells and electrical signaling: pptSupporting Cells (Neuroglia) and Their Functions Membrane potentials and action potentials All-or-None Law Basic Physics of Membrane Potentials Origin of the Normal Resting Membrane Potential Nerve Action Potential4Lecture PracticalAbsolute and relative refractory periods. pptCable Properties of Neurons Conduction of Nerve Impulses Conduction in an Unmyelinated Axon Conduction in a Myelinated Axon5Lecture PracticalSynaptic transmission pptTypes of Synapses Classification of Neurotransmitters Structure, synthesis, degradation and Reuptake of neurotransmitters Acetylcholine as a Neurotransmitter Chemically Regulated Channels Ligand-Operated Channels G-Protein-OperatedChannels6Lecture Practical 1st EXMPhysiologic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle pptSkeletal Muscle Fiber General Mechanism of Muscle Contraction Excitation-Contraction Coupling Molecular Characteristics of the Contractile Filaments Molecular Mechanisms of Contraction Sliding-Filament Mechanism7Lecture PracticalThe Length-Tension Relationship and Muscle pptClassification of Fiber Types in Skeletal Muscles. Sources of Energy for Muscle Contraction Heater organs and electric organs are modified muscles. Contraction and Excitation of Smooth Muscle Contraction of Smooth Muscle Types of Smooth Muscle Contractile Mechanism in Smooth Muscle8Lecture Practical1st Midterm EXM 9Lecture Practical Cardiac Muscle and the Cardiac Conduction System pptStructure of Cardiac Muscle The Cardiac Conduction System Electrical and Contractile Activity of the Heart The Cardiac Rhythm Physiology of the SA Node Heart Sounds, and the Cardiac Cycle Function of the Valves Heart Sounds10Lecture PracticalHemodynamic principles of the cardiovascular system pptPhysics of Pressure, Flow, and Resistance Overview of the Circulation Open Circulations Closed Circulations Single and double circulation Physical Characteristics of the Circulation Capillary Fluid Exchange, Interstitial Fluid, and Lymph Flow11Lecture Practical 2nd EXM Respiration pptThe Lungs and Alveoli The Pleurae Mechanics of Ventilation :Pressure and Flow Inspiration and Expiration Types of respiratory systems Ventilation and gas exchange in water The book lungs Amphibian, Reptile respiratory system and ventilator cycle in birds.12Lecture PracticalPhysical Principles of Gas Exchange; pptDiffusion of O2 and CO2 Through the Respiratory Membrane Transport of O2 and CO2 in Blood and Tissue Fluids Transport of Oxygen from the Lungs to the Body Tissues Transport of Carbon Dioxide in the Blood Regulation of Respiration Respiratory Center Chemical Control of Respiration13Lecture PracticalGastrointestinal Physiology pptGeneral Principles of Gastrointestinal Function Saliva and the Salivary Glands Gastric Secretion The Liver and Gallbladder Pancreatic Secretion Chemical Digestion and Absorption The Large Intestine14Lecture Practical2nd Midterm EXM 17. Bibliography 1-Physiology (Board Review Series). 4th edition by Linda S Costanzo (2007) 2- Principles of Animal Physiology By Moyes, C.D. and Schulte, P.M.( 2006) 3-Human Physiology by German and Stanfeild (2006) 4-Physiology by Stuart Ira Fox, 11th edition (2009). McGraw Hill Higher Education 5-Textbook of Medical Physiology by Guyton and Hall (2010) 18. Authored by Dr. Abbas Burhan Qadir 19. Validated and Verified by